The first traceable concepts of environmental designs focused primarily on solar heating, which began in Ancient Greece
around 500 BCE. At the time, most of Greece had exhausted its supply of
wood for fuel, leading architects to design houses that would capture
the solar energy of the sun. The Greeks understood that the position of
the sun varies throughout the year. For a latitude of 40 degrees in
summer the sun is high in the south, at an angle of 70 degrees at the
zenith, while in winter, the sun travels a lower trajectory, with a
zenith of 26 degrees. Greek houses were built with south-facing façades
which received little to no sun in the summer but would receive full sun
in the winter, warming the house. Additionally, the southern
orientation also protected the house from the colder northern winds.
This clever arrangement of buildings influenced the use of the grid pattern of ancient cities. With the North-South orientation of the houses, the streets of Greek cities mainly ran East-West.
The practice of solar architecture continued with the Romans, who similarly had deforested much of their native Italian Peninsula by the first century BCE. The Roman heliocaminus,
literally 'solar furnace', functioned with the same aspects of the
earlier Greek houses. The numerous public baths were oriented to the
south. Roman architects added glass to windows to allow for the passage
of light and to conserve interior heat as it could not escape. The
Romans also used greenhouses to grow crops all year long and to
cultivate the exotic plants coming from the far corners of the Empire.
Pliny the Elder wrote of greenhouses that supplied the kitchen of the
Emperor Tiberius during the year.
Along with the solar orientation of buildings and the use of glass as
a solar heat collector, the ancients knew other ways of harnessing
solar energy. The Greeks, Romans and Chinese developed curved mirrors
that could concentrate the sun's rays on an object with enough intensity
to make it burn in seconds. The solar reflectors were often made of
polished silver, copper or brass.
Early roots of modern environmental design began in the late 19th Century with writer/designer William Morris,
who rejected the use of industrialized materials and processes in
wallpaper, fabrics and books his studio produced. He and others, such as John Ruskin felt that the industrial revolution would lead to harm done to nature and workers.
The narrative of Brian Danitz and Chris Zelov's documentary film Ecological Design: Inventing the Future
asserts that in the decades after World War II, "The world was forced
to confront the dark shadow of science and industry." From the middle of
the twentieth century, thinkers like Buckminster Fuller have acted as catalysts for a broadening and deepening of the concerns of environmental designers. Nowadays, energy efficiency, appropriate technology, organic horticulture and agriculture, land restoration, New Urbanism, and ecologically sustainable energy and waste systems are recognized considerations or options and may each find application.
By integrating renewable energy sources such as solar photovoltaic, solar thermal, and even geothermal energy into structures, it is possible to create zero emission
buildings, where energy consumption is self-generating and
non-polluting. It is also possible to construct "energy-plus buildings"
which generate more energy than they consume, and the excess could then
be sold to the grid. In the United States, the LEED Green Building Rating System rates structures on their environmental sustainability.
The university has
18 teaching departments, 10 master’s degree granting points of
first-academic disciplines, and 9 types of professional master’s degree
granting. With 67 majors of undergraduate education covering 11
disciplines of philosophy, economy, law, education, literature, history,
science, engineering, agriculture, management and art, with more than
23 thousand students.
The university has 1,266 teachers,
including1 Changjiang Scholar, 4 professors enjoyingspecial government
allowances of the State Council, 2 candidates for the Supporting Plan of
Excellent Personnel of the New Century of the Ministry of Education, 4
PhD supervisors, 169 master’s degree supervisors, 200 professors, 585
associate professors, and 846 teachers with master’s and doctorate
degrees. The university is a member of University Cultivation Plan of
Excellent Engineers of the Ministry of Education, and 3 undergraduate
majors have beome part of the plan. It has 1 national-level distinctive
major, 1 national-level engineering practice education center, 2
national-level bilingual teaching demonstration courses, 2
provincial-level experimental teaching demonstration centers, 1
provincial-level off-campus practical education base, 2 provincial-level
undergraduate education demonstration majors, 8 provincial-level key
majors (2 key supporting majors, 2 comprehensive reform pilot majors and
4 engineering personnel cultivation reform pilot majors), 23
provincial-level quality courses, 5 provincial-level quality resource
sharing courses, 8 provincial-level excellent teaching teams, and 8
provincial-level famous teachers of undergraduate education. The
university has undertaken 755 national-level and provincial-level
scientific programs since the beginning of the 11thFive Year Plan,
including 42 ones of 973 Program, 863 Program, National Natural Science
Fund, and National Social Science Fund. It also boasts many programs
belonging to National Key Technology Supporting Program, National
International Technological Cooperation Program and National Key
Scientific Specific Program. Teachers of the university have published
more than 700 SCI, EI, CSSCI and ISTP articles, with a scientific
research income of 159.2 million yuan. It has 1 key lab of the Ministry
of Education, 6 provincial-level key labs, 3 provincial-level
engineering centers, 2 provincial-level key educational scientific
planning research bases, 1 post-doctorate scientific research center,
and 1 municipal-level high-end personnel reserve base of Shenyang. In
2012, key lab of polluted environment management and regional ecological
safety became part of the key technological platforms of universities
inLiaoningProvince.
The university has been communicating and
cooperating with many universities overseas throughout its history. It
has cooperative relations with more than 60 foreign universities and
educational institutions.
Under 45 years of age, and with good health status.
1. Application Form
Please upload your finished application form here.
2. Blank Visa Page in Your Passport
If you've never been to other countries, please submit the blank page for visa in your passport.
3. Affidavit of Support
Apply to applicants from Nigeria only
4. Study plan
Including study purpose, research interest and research plan in brief.
5. High school graduate certificate
Graduation
certificate in languages other than Chinese or English should be
translated into Chinese or English and be certified by notarization.
6. High school academic transcript
7. Passport photo
6 recent 4.5—3.5cm photos of the applicant
8. Photocopy of valid passport
With
name, passport number & expiration date, and photo included.Copy of
the passport and bring the blank page. (Please provide the visa copy
if you once came to China previously.)
9. Resume
fill in either in Chinese or English and print it out
10. Language proficiency test certificate
Above
Level 4 certificate of HSK for Programs taught in Chinese, English
proficiency test certificate for English-medium programs.
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Answer: Yes. ACASC gives the applicants, the chance to directly apply to their desired universities through our online application portal. We have synchronized our system to create a simple platform that connects universities and colleges in China to international students all around the world.
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