There is evidence of urban planning and designed communities dating back to the Mesopotamian, Indus Valley, Minoan, and Egyptian
civilizations in the third millennium BCE. Archeologists studying the
ruins of cities in these areas find paved streets that were laid out at
right angles in a grid pattern.
The idea of a planned out urban area evolved as different civilizations
adopted it. Beginning in the 8th century BCE, Greek city states were
primarily centered on orthogonal (or grid-like) plans. The ancient Romans,
inspired by the Greeks, also used orthogonal plans for their cities.
City planning in the Roman world was developed for military defense and
public convenience. The spread of the Roman Empire subsequently spread
the ideas of urban planning. As the Roman Empire declined, these ideas
slowly disappeared. However, many cities in Europe still held onto the
planned Roman city center. Cities in Europe from the 9th to 14th
centuries, often grew organically and sometimes chaotically. But many
hundreds of new towns were newly built according to preconceived plans,
and many others were enlarged with newly planned extensions. Most of
these were realized from the 12th to 14th centuries, with a peak-period
at the end of the 13th.
From the 15th century on, much more is recorded of urban design and the
people that were involved. In this period, theoretical treatises on
architecture and urban planning start to appear in which theoretical
questions are addressed and designs of towns and cities are described
and depicted. During the Enlightenment period, several European rulers
ambitiously attempted to redesign capital cities. During the Second French Republic, Baron Georges-Eugène Haussmann, under the direction of Napoleon III, redesigned the city of Paris into a more modern capital, with long, straight, wide boulevards.
Planning and architecture went through a paradigm shift at the turn
of the 20th century. The industrialized cities of the 19th century grew
at a tremendous rate. The pace and style of this industrial construction
was largely dictated by the concerns of private business. The evils of
urban life for the working poor were becoming increasingly evident as a matter for public concern. The laissez-faire style of government management of the economy, in fashion for most of the Victorian era, was starting to give way to a New Liberalism
that championed intervention on the part of the poor and disadvantaged.
Around 1900, theorists began developing urban planning models to
mitigate the consequences of the industrial age, by providing citizens, especially factory workers, with healthier environments.
An
urban planner is a professional who works in the field of urban
planning for the purpose of optimizing the effectiveness of a
community's land use and infrastructure. They formulate plans for the
development and management of urban and suburban areas, typically
analyzing land use compatibility as well as economic, environmental and
social trends. In developing the plan for a community (whether
commercial, residential, agricultural, natural or recreational), urban
planners must also consider a wide array of issues such as
sustainability, air pollution, traffic congestion, crime, land values,
legislation and zoning codes.
The
importance of the urban planner is increasing throughout the 21st
century, as modern society begins to face issues of increased population
growth, climate change and unsustainable development. An urban planner
could be consider
Under 45 years of age, and with good health status
1. Application Form
Please upload your finished application form here.
2. Health certificate
Photocopy of notarized foreigner physical examination record (for durations of study over 6 months)
3. Certificate/diploma of highest education
Graduation certificate in languages other
than Chinese or English should be translated into Chinese or English and
be certified by notarization.
4. Passport photo
A recent passport-sized photo of the applicant
5. Photocopy of valid passport
With name, passport number & expiration date, and photo included
6. Certificate of HSK
Certificate of HSK (Chinese Proficiency Test)
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