In most English-speaking countries, the literary and cultural dimensions of English studies are typically practiced in university departments of English, while the study of texts produced in non-English languages
takes place in other departments, such as departments of foreign
language or comparative literature.
English linguistics is often studied in separate departments of
linguistics. This disciplinary divide between a dominant linguistic or a
literary orientation is one motivation for the division of the North
American Modern Language Assiociation
(MLA) into two subgroups. At universities in non-English-speaking
countries, the same department often covers all aspects of English
studies including linguistics
The history of English studies at the modern university in Europe and
America begins in the second half of the nineteenth century. Initially,
English studies comprised a motley array of content: the practice of
oratory, the study of rhetoric and grammar, the composition of poetry,
and the appreciation of literature (mostly by authors from England,
since American literature and language study was only added in the
twentieth century).In Germany and several other European countries, English philogy,
a strongly positivistic and historically interested practice of reading
pre-modern texts, became the preferred scholarly paradigm, but
English-speaking countries distanced themselves from philological
paradigms soon after World War I.At the end of this process, English departments tended to refocus their
work on various forms of writing instruction (creative, professional,
critical) and the interpreting of literary texts, and teacher education
in English recovered from the neglect it had suffered because of more
science-oriented paradigms.
Today, English departments in native-speaking countries re-evaluate
their roles as sole guardians of the discipline because English is less
and less native speakers' unique 'property' and has to be shared with
the millions of speakers and writers from other countries for whom
English is an essential means of communication and artistic expression.
English literature became an object of study in French universities
as part of foreign (comparative) literature in the nineteenth century. A
chair of foreign literature was established in Paris in 1830. English
was first taught independently from other languages and literature in
the University of Lille and in the University of Lyons and only
afterwards in the Sorbonne. These three universities were the first
major centres of English studies in France. The first lecturer and later
professor of English studies would seem to have been Auguste Angellier.
After spending several years teaching French in England in the 1860s
and 1870s, he became a lecturer in English studies in the University of
Lille in 1881 and a professor of English in 1893. In France nowadays,
literature, civilisation, linguistics and the spoken and written
language are all important in English studies in universities.
Under 45 years of age, and with good health status.
1. Certificate of HSK
Certificate of HSK (Chinese Proficiency Test)
2. Photocopy of valid passport
With name, passport number & expiration date, and photo included
3. Passport photo
A recent passport-sized photo of the applicant
4. High school academic transcript
5. High school graduate certificate
Graduation certificate in languages other
than Chinese or English should be translated into Chinese or English and
be certified by notarization.
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